'Had rose' or 'had risen' ? Take a look at the following sample from The Punch newspaper:
SAMPLE : “The Council of State had on Thursday rose from a seven-hour meeting, advising the INEC to conduct the elections…” (Inside Story: Brains Behind Poll Shift, The Punch, February 8, 2015)
We are considering the grammatical relationship between the forms 'had' and 'rose' both of which occur in the following context: “The Council of State had on Thursday rose…” The form had is one of the markers of the perfect tense.
The grammatical framework of the perfect tense may be sketched as follows: have/has/had plus a past participle. Now read the following sentences: 1) The chairman has broken all the rules imaginable. 2) The bad leader has driven the country into a near-state of war. 3) The girl has spoken to her father about the need to pay the money urgently. 4) The men have written to complain about insecurity in the neighbourhood. 5) The market men and women have sought financial assistance from government following the colossal loss occasioned by the fire disaster. 6) The young men have brought fresh ideas into the company. 7) Snakes have bitten many of the visitors even during the day. 8) Before the formal commencement of the case, the plaintiff had sent two additional petitions to the police. 9) I had forwarded the mail before the information came. 10) The report had created confusion in the minds of the readers.
Readers are invited to note the relationship between have/has/had and the relevant past participle in each of those sentences: broken, driven, spoken, written, bitten, sought, brought, sent, forwarded and created. Some of the participles end in –en, and some are completely unpredictable. How do we learn them? We do either by constant use that will bring about thorough familiarity or by actually committing them to memory or both.
Now we return to the context under consideration: “The Council of State had on Thursday rose…” We had drawn attention to the relationship between the forms 'had' and 'rose'. Of course the form rose is the past simple form of the verb rise. What is required in that context, as we have demonstrated, is not a past form but a past participle form. The past participle form is 'risen'.
Please note also that the phrase “on Thursday” stands between the form had and the verb form rose. The intervening words, let us note, have no effect whatsoever on the relationship between the relevant forms. Those intervening words could in fact have been the source of confusion and distraction for the reporter. This is absolutely uncalled for. At any rate, the form risen replaces rose in the context under review.
SAMPLE : “The Council of State had on Thursday rose from a seven-hour meeting, advising the INEC to conduct the elections…” (Inside Story: Brains Behind Poll Shift, The Punch, February 8, 2015)
We are considering the grammatical relationship between the forms 'had' and 'rose' both of which occur in the following context: “The Council of State had on Thursday rose…” The form had is one of the markers of the perfect tense.
The grammatical framework of the perfect tense may be sketched as follows: have/has/had plus a past participle. Now read the following sentences: 1) The chairman has broken all the rules imaginable. 2) The bad leader has driven the country into a near-state of war. 3) The girl has spoken to her father about the need to pay the money urgently. 4) The men have written to complain about insecurity in the neighbourhood. 5) The market men and women have sought financial assistance from government following the colossal loss occasioned by the fire disaster. 6) The young men have brought fresh ideas into the company. 7) Snakes have bitten many of the visitors even during the day. 8) Before the formal commencement of the case, the plaintiff had sent two additional petitions to the police. 9) I had forwarded the mail before the information came. 10) The report had created confusion in the minds of the readers.
Readers are invited to note the relationship between have/has/had and the relevant past participle in each of those sentences: broken, driven, spoken, written, bitten, sought, brought, sent, forwarded and created. Some of the participles end in –en, and some are completely unpredictable. How do we learn them? We do either by constant use that will bring about thorough familiarity or by actually committing them to memory or both.
Now we return to the context under consideration: “The Council of State had on Thursday rose…” We had drawn attention to the relationship between the forms 'had' and 'rose'. Of course the form rose is the past simple form of the verb rise. What is required in that context, as we have demonstrated, is not a past form but a past participle form. The past participle form is 'risen'.
Please note also that the phrase “on Thursday” stands between the form had and the verb form rose. The intervening words, let us note, have no effect whatsoever on the relationship between the relevant forms. Those intervening words could in fact have been the source of confusion and distraction for the reporter. This is absolutely uncalled for. At any rate, the form risen replaces rose in the context under review.
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