Monday, 6 April 2015

Infinitive 'TO' and Preposition 'TO'



Confusion often arises as to when to use  the 'ing' form of a verb after the particle 'to':
>> I am looking forward TO SEEING you.
>> I want TO SEE you.
>> I checked with a view TO FINDING a pencil.
'To' in both regards is used to perform two distinct functions: as infinitive and as preposition.

On the one hand, when it is used as infinitive, it is part of a verb and it is usually used to realise 'to' nominal clause:
>> I   /     want /  TO SEE YOU.
      S/           P/                 O
Here, 'to' is functioning as a part of the verb 'see' and so both of them would be regarded as 'to' infinitive. In the above sentence, 'I' is the subject, 'want' is the predicator while 'to see you' is a nominal clause functioning as the object. The point being made here is that 'to' infinitive is usually used to realise nominal clause. To clarify that 'to see you' is a nominal clause, we may apply some passivisation rule:
>> TO SEE YOU is what I want.
Here, the nominal clause is no longer functioning as the object but as the subject.
Other examples of 'to' as infinitive are:
>> I want TO GO HOME.
>> I like TO SAY MORE.
>> I need TO PLAY LESS.

On the other hand, 'to' as a preposition is usually used to realise prepositional phrase.
The structure of a prepositional phase is PREPEND+NOMINAL STRUCTURE where prepend is understood to be any preposition. The following illustration may help proceed the explanation:
>> I am going  / TO  /      THE MARKET.
                        Prepend    /Nominal

>>    ...  TO         /      LONDON
      Prepend      /    Nominal

The above examples are not problematic because the nominal structures are phrases. When the item to occupy the nominal slot is not a nominal phrase, confusion usually sets in. Let us consider this:
>> This is a sure way TO GAINING ADMISSION
>> This is a sure way  TO THE MARKET
You can see that the two structures are similar. It is because both of them are grammatically the same (but are semantically different).

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